| California AB 1979 | Businesses offering a health care chatbot for managing a consumer's information, or for diagnosis, treatment or management of a medical condition, are deemed a provider of health care under the Confidentiality of Medical Information Act, but not for any other law. | Civ. Code § 56.06(f); definition at § 56.05(i) |
| California SB 1119 | A chatbot may not attempt to diagnose or treat a child's health condition unless it is FDA-regulated as a medical device and HIPAA-compliant. | § 21812(d)(5)(A) |
| California AB 489 | Using a term, letter or phrase in an AI system's advertising or functionality that indicates or implies the care, advice, reports or assessments come from a natural person with the appropriate health care license or certificate is prohibited. Existing laws barring unlicensed people from using licensed-profession titles can be enforced against anyone who develops or deploys AI that uses those terms. | § 4999.9(b)-(c) |
| Colorado HB 26-1195 | A provider may not allow an AI system to engage in therapeutic communication with clients without synchronous, real-time involvement of the provider, or generate therapeutic recommendations or treatment plans without the provider's review and approval; AI may not be used to provide, direct or guide psychotherapy outside those conditions. Providers must give clients written notice of these limits at first contact and get advance written notice and written consent before AI records or transcribes a session. AI may support administrative and supplementary tasks under the provider's review. | C.R.S. § 12-245-224.5(2), (4)-(6) |
| Colorado HB 26-1263 | Operator may not state in advertising, interface or outputs that the service's output is provided by, endorsed by or equivalent to services of a licensed health-care, legal or mental health professional or a qualified dietitian. | § 6-1-1708(5) |
| Connecticut SB 5 | For known or suspected minors, mental health services may be offered only if the companion is built for them, uses clinical best practices, shows at the start of each interaction that it is not a licensed mental health professional, and is not marketed as a substitute. | § 6(a)(1)(B) |
| Georgia SB 540 | Operator may not knowingly and intentionally cause or program the chatbot to represent that it is licensed, certified or otherwise authorized to provide mental health, behavioral health, medical or counseling services, unless the operator is lawfully authorized to provide them. | § 39-5-6(h) |
| Hawaii SB 3001 | Operator may not cause or program an AI companion to indicate it is designed to provide professional mental or behavioral health care. | § 481B-__(c)(3) |
| Idaho S 1297 | Operator may not knowingly and intentionally program the service to state or represent that it is designed to provide professional mental or behavioral health care. | § 48-2103(3) |
| Illinois HB 1806 | Only a licensed professional may provide, advertise or offer therapy or psychotherapy services to the public, including through Internet-based AI. A licensed professional may use AI only for administrative or supplementary support, and may not allow AI to make independent therapeutic decisions, directly interact with clients in any form of therapeutic communication, generate treatment recommendations or plans without the professional's review and approval, or detect emotions or mental states. | Sec. 15 and Sec. 20(a)-(b) |
| Iowa SF 2417 | Operators may not knowingly and intentionally cause or program a conversational AI service to make a statement that would lead a reasonable person to believe it is designed to provide professional psychology or behavioral health services that require a license under chapter 154B or 154D. | § 554J.5 |
| Maine LD 2082 | Only licensed professionals may provide or advertise therapy to the public, including via AI. Licensees may not allow AI to make independent therapeutic decisions, engage clients directly in therapeutic communication, or generate treatment plans without their review; supplementary AI support needs recording, written notice and client consent. | 10 M.R.S. § 1500-EE; 32 M.R.S. § 2113 and parallel sections |
| Nebraska LB 525 | Operators may not knowingly and intentionally cause or program the service to make a representation or statement that explicitly indicates it is designed to provide professional mental or behavioral health care. | § 86-1806 (LB 525 Sec. 17) |
| Nevada AB 406 | AI provider may not represent that an AI system can provide professional mental or behavioral health care or is a therapist, counselor, psychiatrist or doctor, nor make available an AI system specifically programmed to provide such care. Licensed providers may not use AI in connection with providing care directly to a patient, but may use it for administrative support. | NRS 433.567(1)-(3), (6); NRS 629.610(1)-(2) |
| Oregon HB 2748 | Bars use of the titles APRN, CRNA, CNS, LPN, RN, NP, CMA and CNA (and their spelled-out forms) by a nonhuman entity such as an AI agent. | ORS 678.027 (Sec. 2) |
| Rhode Island H 7349 / S 2197 | No one may offer therapy to the public, including through internet-based AI, unless a licensed professional conducts it. Providers may not let AI make independent therapeutic decisions, determine treatment plans, or interact therapeutically with clients outside an established, consented treatment relationship. | § 40.1-5.5-3(b)-(c) |
| Tennessee SB 1580 (HB 1470) | A person who develops or deploys an AI system may not advertise or represent to the public that the system is or can act as a qualified mental health professional. | § 33-1-205(a), (c) |
| Utah SB 226 | Regulated-occupation providers using generative AI must follow their occupation's requirements and disclose high-risk AI interactions. | § 13-77-103(2) |
| Utah HB 452 | A supplier that files a written safety policy with the Division of Professional Licensing, documents the chatbot's development and follows the policy has an affirmative defense to unlicensed-practice claims; the law does not recognize a chatbot as a licensed therapist. | § 58-60-118 |
| Vermont H.816 | Entities may not offer mental health services, including through AI, unless provided by a mental health professional; professionals acting within scope may use HIPAA-compliant AI tools if they review and approve all services. Misuse is unprofessional conduct. | 18 V.S.A. § 7115; 3 V.S.A. § 129a(a)(30); 26 V.S.A. § 1354 |